The UK is
celebrating 40 years of speed bumps as a traffic-calming measure, but are they still fit for purpose in the 21st century?
Arriving in Britain in 1983 from the United States, they are also known as sleeping policemen.
This is because they lie in wait for motorists, giving a physical reminder not to speed. Drive too fast, and the car will receive a nasty jolt!
With more than 42,000 speed bumps dotted about all over the UK, it’s hard to miss them. Road safety experts say they play a vital role in keeping the number of road traffic accidents in Britain lower than in many other countries.
However, many feel they are the scourge of the roads. Not only can they damage a vehicle, but ambulance and fire brigade drivers have criticized them for impeding their progress when attending emergencies.
Who invented the speed bump?
The speed bump concept was reportedly first used in Chatham, New Jersey, USA, on 22nd April 1906. Householders in a residential area believed motor vehicles should slow down to avoid accidents, as they had a top speed of 30mph by that time. Workers raised sections of the road by five inches to reduce drivers’ speeds.
However, the first modern rubber speed hump wasn’t invented until 1953. Arthur Holly Compton, the Nobel Prize winning physicist, of Wooster, Ohio, came up with the idea. While working as chancellor of Washington University in St Louis, he was distracted by the speed of vehicles passing Brookings Hall, at a time when car accidents were increasing.
Driving regulations were limited, but manufacturers were producing larger numbers of high-speed cars.
When Compton designed rubber speed bumps, they were initially called Holly Humps in his honour.
The first speed bump in Europe was installed in Delft in the Netherlands in 1970.
The idea finally came to Britain in 1983 under the Highways (Road Hump) Regulations.
This permitted round-top humps with a maximum height of 100mm and length of 3.7 metres to be installed on roads with a speed limit of 30mph or less in England and Wales.
The term “sleeping policemen” was coined by drivers during the 1980s due to the bumps reminding them to be more aware of their speed.
The latest version of the Highways Road Humps Regulations 1999 states speed bumps must have a height of between 25mm and 100mm and must be at least 900mm in length.
The gradient of the hump must be no more than 1:10, and they can’t be installed on roads with a speed limit higher than 30mph.
On roads where the speed limit is greater than 20mph, speed bumps can’t be used on stretches where there isn’t any street lighting.
Do speed bumps work?
T
he UK’s 42,000 speed humps span around 2,000 miles of roads, according to council data analyzed and shared by car manufacturer Citroen. London has the highest percentage of speed bumps in the country.
Newham Council tops the list of the biggest number of speed bumps per road in the UK, as they are installed on its whole 124-mile highways network.
Outside the capital, Norwich City Council tops the table, with the humps installed on 17% of its roads.
In the northwest, Bury Council has the highest percentage at 12%.
Many road safety experts believe sleeping policemen are the reason there are fewer fatalities on UK roads than in many other nations. Research reveals they make a “substantial impact” by reducing accident rates by up to 44%. This is because their presence encourages drivers to travel at no more than 15mph. A series of the humps will force motorists to travel at an average of 20mph on the stretch of road.
In addition, if an accident does occur, the lower speed limit results in less serious injuries and reduced damage to vehicles.
How many cars do speed bumps damage?
On the flip side, motorists have complained about decades about the damage caused to their cars.
Data shows 32% of vehicles on Britain’s roads have been damaged while driving over speed bumps.
The survey by insurance comparison website Confused.com revealed the average repair had cost £141.
The main damage was caused to the car’s tyres, suspension, exhaust, paintwork and radiator.
Despite this,
59% of motorists surveyed said they still supported them, with the
remaining 41% calling for them to be scrapped because they cause too much damage.
In addition,
installing speed bumps has been cited for accelerating the deterioration of road surfaces.
They are also blamed for increasing harmful vehicle emissions when motorists are constantly braking and then accelerating again.
The RAC Foundation has suggested other types of traffic-calming measures, including chicanes, should be used rather than speed bumps. The organization fears they give car drivers, motorbike riders and cyclists an uncomfortable ride, especially if they are allowed to fall into disrepair.
Due to the large number of sleeping policemen on Britain’s roads, it’s very hard for drivers to avoid them altogether. However, if you travel a lot, either for leisure or as part of your job, it could be worth
planning a route in advance that bypasses them as much as possible, to reduce the risk of damage to your vehicle.
There is little redress for drivers who suffer vehicle damage caused by going over a speed bump.
If it is found to exceed the legal height, the motorist can put in a claim for compensation from the local council: over three years, local authorities across
Britain has paid out £35,000 to reimburse motorists, with 45% of claims being made in London.